Roman Numeral Converter

Convert between numbers and Roman numerals instantly

Roman numeral will appear here

Roman Numeral Reference

SymbolValueExample
I1III = 3
IV4IV = 4
V5VI = 6
IX9IX = 9
X10XIV = 14
XL40XL = 40
L50LX = 60
XC90XC = 90
C100CCC = 300
CD400CD = 400
D500DC = 600
CM900CM = 900
M1000MM = 2000

How Roman Numerals Work

Additive principle

Symbols are added left to right: VIII = 5+1+1+1 = 8

Subtractive principle

Smaller before larger means subtraction: IX = 10−1 = 9

Valid range

Standard Roman numerals cover 1 to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX)

No zero

Roman numerals have no symbol for zero — the concept came later